Shotgun selection can be very personal—some hunters are loyal to a grandfather's gun, even if it consistently jams or has seen better days. Others are just more comfortable sticking with the same side-by-side they've been shooting for decades. Although most shotguns can generally get the job done across the board, the best choice for upland hunting can vary based on a few factors.
Considerations for Upland Hunting Shotguns
First off, what upland birds will you be hunting with this gun? Will you be taking down wild pheasants or firing at quail? The size of the game bird certainly factors in. Next, will you invest in multiple shotguns, or do you need one that can do it all for a variety of species in multiple seasons? Versatility is always a coveted characteristic in a firearm, but it's not always available in the ways you want it to be. Another consideration is the type of terrain where you'll be doing most of your hunting. Will you be shooting in open fields or through thick cover? Here are a few other considerations:
- How much ammo will you be going through? Will it be easy enough — and affordable enough — for you to buy what you need to get through the season?
- How much weight and recoil can you or the person you're purchasing a shotgun for handle?
- What's your budget for a new shotgun? Are you looking for a budget pick or do you want to make an investment in a shotgun you can pass down to your grandkids?
Here's what to know about each of your options.
12-Gauge
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Probably the most popular option, the 12-gauge shotgun is a reliable favorite for many reasons. Because it's so widely used, ammo is also more readily available than for most other options. And it's relatively affordable, too. These guns are a great bet for hunting hardy pheasants, but they can also work well for doves, waterfowl, or other birds with the right loads. Plus they're great for any kind of clay shooting, and most shotgun models are available in this versatile option. You'll usually deal with a little more recoil, but it's doable for most hunters. For one do-it-all shotgun, a 12-gauge is an excellent choice.
20-Gauge
Not too far behind 12-gauge shotguns in popularity is the 20-gauge. Ammo is pretty common for these guns, too, and they're usually a top choice for quail, woodcock, and grouse. The 20-gauge, with the right setup and load, can handle most of what a 12-gauge can — all while weighing an average of a pound less. And it's available in nearly as many models. But heavier loads will generate more recoil, so keep that in mind, particularly for smaller-framed hunters. All this makes it a solid second option for a well-rounded shotgun.
Alternative Shotgun Gauge Choices
28-Gauge: If you have the luxury of adding more than one shotgun to your upland arsenal, a 28-gauge is nice to have. These efficient shotguns are great for taking down smaller upland birds (and some other small game) but not the best choice for pheasants—although it is certainly possible with the right loads. Most 28-gauge shotguns are pretty lightweight and easy to handle as well. But what if you're looking for a single shotgun that can take down every upland bird as well as waterfowl? Look elsewhere. The 28-gauge just doesn't have the same take-down power as other options. Ammo can also be harder to come by and pricier than for 12-gauge or 20-gauge shotguns.
16-Gauge: The 16-gauge has become trendy again in recent years, with hunters loving it for its impressive performance paired with lower recoil. These shotguns usually weigh a bit less than 12-gauges and can handle just about all upland birds. But because the 16-gauge isn't the most common shotgun, ammo availability and cost is an issue—plus 16-gauge models can be harder to find.
.410 Bore: Designated by its bore diameter rather than gauge, the .410 is commonly considered an excellent choice for youth hunters, new shooters, or anyone with a smaller frame. These guns are typically lightweight and boast lower recoil than other options. But they're also relegated to shooting smaller birds and game at closer range, so they're not fit for an all-around shotgun selection. Shotguns chambered in .410 bore can be tough to find, and the ammo options aren't readily available either.
Choosing the Best Upland Shotgun
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So is there one single gauge that's always the best choice for an upland shotgun? No — although a 12-gauge is probably the most versatile. Beyond gauge, you still have several options and choices to make to ensure you're getting the most bang for your bird hunting buck. Single-shot, pump, semi-automatic, over-under, or side-by-side? What load? And how about choke? Finding the right fit for your frame is crucial, as is getting plenty of practice with your setup before hitting the field. No shotgun can replace proper preparation.
